| LETTER | TRANSLITERATION | PRONUNCIATION | DESCRIPTION | ASCII | HTML |
| a | a |
as in German, or as a in 'father' | a | a | a |
| A | A |
as a in 'father' only lengthened | a-macron | A | â |
| L | L |
as 'an' in French enfant, a nasalized 'a' | a-tilde | L | ã |
| l | l |
as aw in 'saw' | a-ring | l | å |
| b | b |
as in English | b | b | b |
| c | c |
as ch in 'church' | c | c | c |
| d | d |
as in English | d | d | d |
| D | D |
as th in 'that', a voiced th | delta (or eth=ð) | D | dh (or eth=ð) |
| v | v |
as u in 'but' | schwa | v | e |
| V | V |
as u in 'but', only lengthened | schwa-macron | V | ê |
| e | e |
as in German, or e in 'bed' | e | e | e |
| E | E |
as in German only lengthened or a in 'made' | e-macron | E | ê |
| f | f |
as in English | f | f | f |
| g | g |
as in English | g | g | g |
| G | G |
voiced x (often transcribed gh) | gamma | G | kh |
| h | h |
as in English | h | h | h |
| F | F |
as h, possibly stronger (before y) | h-ogonek | F | h' |
| i | i |
as in German, or i in 'it' | i | i | i |
| I | I |
as i in 'it' only lengthened | i-macron | I | î |
| j | j |
as in English | j | j | j |
| k | k |
as in English | k | k | k |
| - | - |
as in English (not used in Avesta) | l | - | l |
| m | m |
as in English | m | m | m |
| m | m |
as in English | m | m | m |
| n | n |
as in English | n | n | n |
| M | M |
nh (gutteral nasal) before stops | n-long-tailed | M | ng |
| N | N |
as n (used before stopped consonents) | n-tilde | N | ñ |
| ? | ? |
as nh | n-ogonek | ? | ng |
| o | o |
as in German, or o in 'rope' | o | o | o |
| O | O |
as o in 'rope' only lengthened (or o in 'Minnesota') | o-macron | O | ô |
| p | p |
as in English | p | p | p |
| r | r |
as in English | r | r | r |
| s | s |
as in English | s | s | s |
| S | S |
as sh in 'show' (palatal) | s-hacek | S | sh |
| C | C |
as sh in 'show' only more retroflex | s-hacek-ogonek | C | sh |
| K | K |
as sh in 'show' (used before y) | s-hacek-cedilla | K | sh |
| t | t |
as in French 'tout' (dental, i.e. with tongue at same position as for English th in 'thin') |
t | t | t |
| T | T |
as t in 'try' | t-ogonek | T | t |
| q | q |
as th in 'thing' | theta | q | th |
| u | u |
as in German, or u in 'put' | u | u | u |
| U | U |
as oo in 'book' | u-macron | U | û |
| w | w |
as w in Dutch water (a bilabial semivowel similar to Engl.
v but not a fricative) (Humbach transcribes 'uu')
| v | w | v |
| W | W |
as w above (used initially with a few exceptions)
| v-acute | W | v |
| B | B |
as w in English | w | B | w |
| x | x |
as German ch, or ch in Scottish 'loch' | x | x | x |
| X | X |
as x (as above) with v immediately following | x-superscript-v | X | xv |
| y | y |
as in English (Humbach transcribes 'ii') | y | y | y |
| Y | Y |
as y above (used initially) | y-acute | Y | ý |
| z | z |
as in English | z | z | z |
| Z | Z |
as z in 'azure' | z-hacek | Z | zh |
HTML does not currently allow for the accurate representation
of all Avesta graphemes. In particular, the shwa, and different
forms of "n", "sh", and "t" are
not distinguished. Thus the ASCII-encoded versions are preferred for accuracy.