HTML does not currently allow for the accurate representation
of all Avesta graphemes. In particular, the shwa, and different
forms of "n", "sh", and "t" are
not distinguished. In these cases the following guide is only
approximate.
VOWELS
a, e, i, o, u
as in German, or:
a
as father
e
as bed
i
as it
o
as molest
u
as book
â, ê, î, ô, û
same as above except lengthened
aê
as bite
ao
as out
e
as but
ê
same except lengthened
å
as saw
ã
as French enfant, a nasalized 'a' e.g.
shyaothananãm
ere
much like 'pretty' (when pronounced 'peretty')
e.g. peresat
CONSONANTS
c
as church
h'
as h, possibly stronger
ñ
as n
ng
as sing
ngh
ng-h
sh
as show, e.g. zarathushtra
th
as thing, e.g. zarathushtra
dh
as that (voiced th)
v
as Dutch water (a bilabial semivowel similar to Engl.
v but not a fricative)
x
as German ach or Scotch loch (often transcribed
kh), e.g. xshathra
hv
x (as above) with v immediately following e.g. hvarena